Endodontics is a specialized type of dentistry that deals with abnormal tooth pulp; the causes/origins, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries to the pulp; and other conditions affecting the tissue surrounding the pulp and canal (channel inside the tooth root).

Tooth pulp, the soft tissue that contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissues, runs through the hard tissue inside the tooth (dentin) and extends from the crown (top) of the tooth down to the tip of the root in the jaw bone.

Endodontic procedures are used in the diagnosis and treatment of oral pain involving the pulp and periradicular area (just outside or around the root of the tooth origin). Pulp therapy, such as pulpotomy, is a common endodontic procedure in which dental pulp is removed from the pulp chamber. The nonsurgical treatment of root canals, especially in difficult cases such as teeth with blocked, narrow or unusually positioned canals, also is a major part of endodontic therapy(endodontic motor).

A general dentist can perform root canal treatment, but it is most often provided by an endodontist, who specializes in pulp problems.

The endodontist removes the inflamed/infected pulp, cleans and shapes the inside of the canal and fills and seals the space. Afterwards, the endodontist usually will refer you back to your dentist for placement of a crown or other restoration on the tooth to protect it. The restored tooth will have a natural appearance and continue to function like other healthy teeth. With proper oral care, it may last a lifetime.

The cost of endodontic treatment varies depending on the complexity of the condition and which tooth is affected. Most dental insurance plans provide some coverage for endodontic treatment.

Endodontic treatment and restoration generally are less costly than the alternative: tooth extraction and replacement with an implant and dental crown.

Endodontic treatment is necessary when the dental pulp(pulp tester) becomes inflamed or infected as a result of deep tooth decay, repeated dental procedures on the tooth or a crack, chip or other injury to the tooth. Most teeth can be saved by endodontic treatment.

Endodontic treatment may also be required for surgical removal of diseased or abnormal (pathologic) tissues, repair procedures associated with the surgical removal of pathologic tissues, repair of cracked teeth or the replacement (replantation) of teeth knocked out (avulsed) by injury.